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| office6 = | 1blankname6 = Chairman | 1namedata6 = Kim Tu-bong |alongside6 = Chu Yong-ha and Ho Ka-i | term_start6 = 28 August 1946 | term_end6 = 30 June 1949 | predecessor6 = ''Position created'' | successor6 = Pak Hon-yong (as 1st Deputy Chairman) and Ho Ka-i (as 2nd Deputy Chairman) | office7 = | 1blankname7= General Secretary | 1namedata7 =Pak Hon-yong | term_start7 = 17 December 1945 | term_end7 = 28 August 1946 | predecessor7 = Kim Yong-bom | successor7 = Kim Tu-bong (as WPNK chairman) |office8= Chairman of the National Defence Commission |term_start8 = 27 December 1972 |term_end8 = 9 April 1993 |predecessor8 = ''Position created'' |successor8 = Kim Jong-il |office9 = Supreme Commander of the Korean People's Army |term_start9 = 5 July 1950 |term_end9 = 24 December 1991 |predecessor9 = Choe Yong-gon |successor9 = Kim Jong-il | birth_date = | birth_place = | death_date = | death_place = | death_cause = Heart attack | resting_place = | nationality = North Korean | party = Workers’ Party of Korea | spouse = | children = | residence = Pyongyang, DPR Korea | occupation = Eternal President | profession = President of North Korea | allegiance = | branch = | serviceyears = | rank = | commands = | battles = | signature = Kim Il Sung Signature.svg | footnotes = }} Kim Il-sung (김일성) (;〔("Kim Il Sung" ). ''Random House Webster's Unabridged Dictionary''.〕 ; born Kim Sŏng-ju (김성주); 15 April 1912 – 8 July 1994) was the supreme leader of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (DPRK), commonly referred to as North Korea, for 46 years, from its establishment in 1948 until his death in 1994. He held the posts of Prime Minister from 1948 to 1972 and President from 1972 to 1994. He was also the leader of the Workers' Party of Korea from 1949 to 1994 (titled as chairman from 1949 to 1966 and as general secretary after 1966). Coming to power after the overthrow of Japanese rule in 1945, he authorized the invasion of South Korea in 1950, triggering a defense of South Korea by the United Nations led by the United States. A cease-fire in the Korean War was signed on 27 July 1953. Under his leadership, North Korea became a socialist state and had close political and economic relations with the Soviet Union which gave the country many similarities in those respects. By the 1960s and 1970s, North Korea enjoyed a relatively high standard of living, outperforming the South which was crippled by political instability and economic crises. Differences between North Korea and the Soviet Union made the country non-aligned in world politics, central among these differences being Kim Il-sung's philosophy of ''Juche'' which focused on Korean patriotism and self-reliance. Juche eventually replaced Marxism-Leninism and communism altogether. A cult of personality around Kim Il-sung came to dominate domestic politics and loyalty to the supreme leader was a ''de facto'' condition for public office. At the 6th Workers' Party Congress in 1980, his son Kim Jong-il, who had consolidated control over the party through the cult of personality, was selected as his heir to supreme leadership. In 1991, following the dissolution of the Soviet Union, North Korea's economy collapsed, leading to widespread poverty and famine. After transitioning his military authority to Kim Jong-il in 1993, Kim Il-sung died in the summer of 1994. His legacy is complicated by genuine admiration from older generations and the successive regime's attempts to exploit it for legitimacy. The North Korean government refers to Kim Il-sung as "The Great Leader" (위대한 수령, ''widaehan suryŏng'')〔Hoare, James E. (2012) ''Historical Dictionary of Democratic People's Republic of Korea''〕 and he is designated in the North Korean constitution as the country's "Eternal President". His birthday is a public holiday in North Korea and is called the "Day of the Sun". == Early life == Many of the early records of his life come from his own personal accounts and official North Korean government publications, which often conflict with external sources. Nevertheless, there is some consensus on at least the basic story of his early life, corroborated by witnesses from the period. Kim's family is said to have originated from Jeonju, North Jeolla Province. His great grandfather, Kim Ung Woo, settled in Mangyong-dae in 1860. Kim is reported by some to have been born in the small village of Mangyungbong (then called Namni) near Pyongyang on 15 April 1912.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Soviet Officer Reveals Secrets of Mangyongdae )〕 Born to Kim Hyŏng-jik and Kang Pan-sŏk, who gave him the name Kim Sŏng-ju; Kim also had two younger brothers, Ch’ŏl-chu (or Kim Chul Joo) and Yŏng-ju.〔 Kim attended the Whasung Military Academy in Whajun in June 1926. The exact history of Kim's family is somewhat obscure. According to Kim himself the family was neither very poor nor comfortably well-off, but was always a step away from poverty. Kim is said to have claimed that he was raised in a Presbyterian family, that his maternal grandfather was a Protestant minister, that his father had gone to a missionary school and was an elder in the Presbyterian Church, and that his parents were very active in the religious community.〔(Kimjongilia – The Movie – Learn More )〕 According to the official version, Kim’s family participated in anti-Japanese activities and in 1920 they fled to Manchuria. Like most Korean families, they resented the Japanese occupation of the Korean peninsula, which began on 29 August 1910.〔 Another view seems to be that his family settled in Manchuria like many Koreans at the time to escape famine. Nonetheless, Kim's parents, especially Kim's mother (Kang Ban Suk) played a role in some of the activist anti-Japanese struggle that was sweeping the peninsula.〔 But, their exact involvement - whether their cause was missionary, nationalist, or both - is unclear. Still, Japanese repression of any and all opposition was brutal, resulting in the arrest and detention of more than 52,000 Korean citizens in 1912 alone.〔 The repression forced many Korean families to flee Korea and settle in Manchuria. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Kim Il-sung」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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